Section 3 discusses transmission line planning and problem solving with Smith chart. Section 2 explains transmission line impedance matching problem in the context of maximum power theory. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. The functionality and simplicity of the developed framework scored by over 82% among course enrolled students. The visual preparation of the problem solutions with rich graphical user interface and simulations of the mathematical representations has been evaluated to contribute to a better understanding of the wave propagation and impedance matching transmission line subjects. The success of developed educational framework has been measured by a questionnaire held in courses in the third and fourth years of the electrical and electronics engineering undergraduate program at Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Turkey. In this study, an open source transmission line impedance matching educational framework (TLIME) has been designed to teach efficiently wave propagation and maximum power theory that discusses the impedance matching problems. In this context, we can say that Java is a widely used open source educational tool having strong computational environment for research and development aims. The Smith chart is a convenient tool for transmission line calculations especially for wave propagation and maximum power theory that discusses impedance matching problems. Efficient understanding of such problems in undergraduate and graduate courses should be supported by rich visualization tools. I find that the potting is worth it to protect the board and components and keeping the toroid windings in place.Determining input impedance, assigning reflection coefficient, and matching load impedance are important transmission line problems those involve complex calculation steps because of complex connection architectures in transmission lines. There will be some change in characteristics after potting but nothing significant. Be sure to use clear epoxy, definitely don't use anything with metal fillers. I pot the assembled and tuned matching network with Gorilla Glue 5 Minute two part clear epoxy. And I find it easier to swap out toroids than to try to remove or add turns while the toroid is mounted on the board. This makes it easier to play with spacing to get a targeted inductance. Rather than adding or subtracting turns on one toroid I wind two toroids with different number of turns. Often you have to decide whether to use n turns or n + 1 turns on a toroid. The calculated inductance for toroids is not always close to actual value due to winding spacing and toroid material variance. There are various discussions on accuracy but it will get you in the right ball park. Premeasure the inductors and capacitors with the nanoVNA at the frequency of interest before using in the matching network. The nanoVNA measured high reactance impedances better than standard antenna analyzers designed mainly for SWR measurements. The readings were affected not accurate and consistent. There was just too much RFI from the laptop and power supply that was being picked up by the antenna. Some of my initial measurements where performed with the nanoVNA connected to a computer using nanoSaver software. When measuring ZL impedance use the nanoVNA by itself and use its file saving capability to retain the. If needed, I could remove the 10 pF and substitute a 5 pF or 15 pF capacitor to fine tune the match. I mounted a 47 pF NP0 ceramic SMT capacitor in the BNC connector itself, followed by a 15 pF and 10 pF parallel NP0 SMT capacitors on the protoboard that the matching network was built on. The mounted BNC showed around 7 pF capacitance, leaving about 71 pF of additional capacitance. I also measured the capacitance of the BNC connector using the nanoVNA and verifying with an autozeroing small capacitance meter. This made me decide to use a set of parallel capacitors so I could fine tune the value that will provide a close match, this turned out to be a good decision. Large changes in capacitor value will prevent the match to be close to the chart center, no matter the value of the inductor. Changes in the capacitor value keeps the network from moving along the 50 ohm constant resistance curve to the center. The most sensitive value seemed to be the capacitor. Initially I looked at how the match varies with changes in the component values.
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